CONTRIBUTING FACTORS BULLYING & PERSPEKTIF ISLAM ABOUT BULLYING - Siti Zaituni (1788203055)

             Randal (in Parson, 2009: 9) formulates bullying behavior as "aggressive behavior which arises from an intentional intention to cause pressure  to other people physically and psychologically”. Whereas Rigby (in Astuti, 2008: 3) suggests that: "Bullying is a desire to hurt, this desire is shown to in action, causing someone to suffer. This action is carried out in a manner directly by a person or group that is stronger, irresponsible, usually repetitive, and done with feeling happy ". In addition, Nusantara (2008: 2) reveals a definition that is not much different regarding bullying, "that is a situation where abuse occurs power / power carried out by someone / group "           
             Olweus (Krabs, 2005) Define Bullying asal negative behaviour in sufficient time long and repeated  done by one or more people towards others, so that the victim continues to be antioksidan and intimidated. The definition of bullying according to Sejiwa (2008)  is a situation where there is an abuse of physical or mental power or power carried out by a  person or group, and in this situation the victim is unable to defend or defend himself. The definition of bullying according to Rigby (1994) is a desire to hurt which is shown in action directly by a person or group who is stronger, irresponsible, usually repetitive, and carried out happily whose purpose is to make the victim suffer. The definition of bullying according to Wicaksana is long-term physical and psychological violence carried out by a person or group, against someone who is unable to defend himself in a situation where there is a desire to harm or scare the person or make him depressed.
             Many factors are found which causes the perpetrator to do Bullying behavior. Olweus (in Rudi,2010) mentions there are factors which makes someone become a perpetrator in Bullying behavior include:
1. Actors have been victims of Bullying
2. Revenge
3. Showing self existence
4. Want to get recognition
5. Cover up the shortcomings it has
            Many things can make it a child or teenager becomes an actor and victims of bullying, namely:
a. School Environmental Factors
              School is a place to sue science, but realized or not, at several schools in Indonesia, still there are many cases of bullying. Bullying done on the basis of use power or strength that is done
students to hurt someone or a group of other students. From the data obtained by the Foundation
Semai Jiwa Amini (Sejiwa, 2008), at 28 April 2007, bullying in the school environment
divided into three namely:
1) First, physical, like hitting,slap, and scold or ask by force what is not his.
2) Second, verbal, like cursing, gossiping, and mocking.
3) Third, psychological, like intimidating, understating,ignore, and discriminate.
           According to Sejiwa (2008) bullying is important issues in schools. Because in school, bullying behavior often appear in various forms. Activities like ospek and rituals commonly held seniors at school, form unconscious bullying. Activities that are should aim at introducing schools and programs that are in school, instead deviated into an arena for embarrassing new students with degrading activities andintimidating. Bullying is not only gives a negative impact on victims, but also the perpetrators. Bullying, from various studies, turns out related to increasing levels depression, aggression, decline in academic value,and suicide. Bullying toodecrease intelligence test scores and students' analytical skills. Para bullying has the potential to grow as criminal, compared to children who do not do bullying.Therefore, this action will damage the next generation in Indonesia. We also know that bullying still widely used in school by senior students to students junior or teaching staff to students. But bullying is not limited to school rules are sometimes still take the path of bullying to uphold the regulation, but also a problem bullying in the school environment and universities for example activities school organization and extra curriculum even more prone to action- bullying actions. These things influence someone's mental and psychological to do bullying because you get used to it in the environment that applies the principle of bullying.
     
b.  Bullying Family Environmental Factors
          School is indeed a place for students studying academic as well as behavior. In this case, parents too need to consider that each student is a child who is grow in a family environment. So that basically parenting parents very dominant in forming child character. In the case of bullying things which should not be done is bullying itself inside family including partners or children because of a child potentially become a bullied (perpetrator) bullying) due to wrong parenting parents. Even sepelepun things will can be a trigger for bullyingchild because basically the most basic thing in shaping one's personalityis both a nuclear family and a family big family, because if a child keep doing bullying due to influence the environment outside the family will be suppressed the level of bullying and can dealt with quickly if the family attention to child development. 
 c. Bullying Social Relationship Factors 
          Many teenagers are affected by bullying behavior because ever watching or hanging out with the people bullying perpetrators and victims themselves afraid to talk to parents or their teachers are in school and accept the unpleasant treatment continuously. The most thing worrying is the victims of bullying tend to have the possibility to become bullying perpetrators and do things the same as what was once they experience this as a cycle bullying that must be broken up the chain.
         Bullying events that have happened a lot in schools are not get negative consequences from the teacher / school, when viewed from the theory learn, bully get rewards from behavior. The bully perceives that all the actions he has taken are even justified give him a proud social identity. The outsider, like the teacher, students, people who work in schools, parents, even though they are knowing the practice of bullying, but not reporting, not preventing and just let the practice of bullying, but still not report, does not prevent and only let the practice of bullying go because feel that this is natural, actually also play a role in maintaining the proliferation of bullying in schools. Then with time, when the victim feels elevated social (because of going up to class) and have been "released through initiation activities informal” by bully groups, there is a role rotation. The victim changed become bully, assistant or reinforcer to vent his revenge (Djuwita in Mawardah, 2009; 21). 
        Morrison, et al. Suggested that the occurrence of bullying behavior between others are caused by; Class differences (seniority), economics, religion, gender, ethnicity or racism. Seniority. Seniority tradition. families who don't get along well. School Situasin that is not harmonious or discriminatory. Individual character or group. Perception of the wrong value of the behavior of the victim. (Astuti in Mawardah 2009; 21) The bullying behavior that often occurs in Indonesia often occurs because of it Various factors such as: seniority, or pranking when new students arrive and that made the material for jokes or revenge from their seniors not done once, maybe even many times. Besides bullying can also occur because of differences in social strata, some students feel they are the strongest, superior, or even higher social strata than the other students make them easy to take action bullying to victims who usually feel less confident and quiet when in class.
          Bullying which can be simplified by acts of violence, oppression,interfere both visually, verbally or non-verbally with a purpose hurt others including in the morality of mazmumah in Islam. Bullying itself is a tyranny of others. And some verses in the Koran have explained how bad someone is who commit acts of violence against other fellow Muslims.
Q.S Al-Ahzab verse 58
And those who harm believers and believers without the mistakes they made, then indeed they have bear lies and real sins.
In Surah Al-Ahdzab verse 58 above it has been explained that it hurts others who are unreasonable are just the same as carrying out charity and sin which they should not get if they did not commit violence that is.
Q.S An-Nisa 'verse 8

 And let God fear those who are like him
leaving behind them weak children, whom they were worried about
towards them. therefore let them fear
to God and let them say the right words.
While in the letter An-Nisa 'verse 8 explained that we should not
to harass people who are weak among us, especially we just scoff
or commit acts of violence on those who are weak among us.